Teacher Education

  Minimum Levels of Learning (MLL) One of India's core national goals is to provide elementary education for all children . After independence, educational facilities expanded significantly, resulting in a vast increase in the number of primary schools and non-formal education centers. However, this expansion led to variations in the quality of educational infrastructure , teaching-learning processes, and student outcomes across regions. To address these disparities, the National Policy on Education (NPE) 1986  introduced several reforms, including the concept of Minimum Levels of Learning (MLL)  to establish a common standard of learning across schools. On the recommendations of the NPE, the Ministry of Human Resource Development  (now Ministry of Education) formed a committee on January 5, 1990, to define and implement MLL   and the final document outlining the MLL was released the following year ,1991 . Reasons for Developing MLL The formulation of the MLL fr...

  Play   way Approach The Play   way Approach is based on the philosophy of Henry Ca ldwell  Cook , who emphasized that work should be the result of spontaneous effort and free interest, rather than compulsion and forced application. According to him, learning  should embody the features of spontaneity and free interest.  The Play   way Approach is a way of teaching that integrates elements of play, which inherently possess the characteristics of spontaneity, freedom, and interest . The aim of this approach is to introduce the elements of freedom, interest, realism, and spontaneity  into the entire school curriculum, making learning a more engaging and natural process for students. Definitions ·  Crow and Crow  define play as "the activity in which a person engages when he is free to do what he wants." ·  Ross  describes play as "a joyful, spontaneous, creative activity in which man finds his fullest expression." Principles of ...

  Teacher G uided L earning T eacher guided learning is an i nstructional technique for small group  which is integrated into other teaching methods  to provide a  bridge between whole class instruction and independent work.  It is direct teaching and works best when students are learning concepts or skills in a subjec t. In whole  class instruction, the level of  achievement and rate of progress among students differs widely. Students need further support , bet ter interaction with  the teacher to consolidate and extent knowledge and skills to overcome their difficulties. Guided learning helps in clarify difficulties of students.  It is useful for students with educational disabilities and high achievers because they get close interaction and attention from the teacher on a systematic basis. Guided  learning sessions are flexible and  last s   for  10 to 30 minutes depending on the nature of work.. I n guided learning p u...