Instructional Objectives for Science Teaching & Specific Objectives
Instructional Objectives for Science Teaching
Blooms taxonomy has been accepted by the NCERT with simplification and elaboration of specific behaviours. NCERT has developed instructional objectives for teaching Science. They are as follows:
l Knowledge
l Understanding
l Application
l Interest
l Attitude
l Appreciation
l Skills
How to state instructional objectives:
A well formulated objective is in the form of a statement which has two parts - Modification part and the Content part. The modification part describe the type of the behavioural change to be affected and the content part describe the content or area in which the change is to be brought about. Instructional objectives are stated in present tense or future tense.
l Eg: The learner acquires knowledge of the term nucleus.
l The learner understands the concept of cell division.
l The learner applies knowledge and understanding of flowers in identifying unisexual and bisexual flowers.
l The learner analyses the effectiveness of aerobic respiration over anaerobic respiration.
l The learner synthesises a design for integrated farming.
l The learner evaluates why smoking is injurious to health.
l The learner acquires skill in observation, drawing diagrams and experimenting.
l The learner develops interest towards learning function of heart.
l The learner develops scientific attitude of conserving plants.
l The learner appreciates the contributions of Gregor Mendel in genetics.
In the above objectives acquires knowledge and understands etc are the modification part. The term nucleus and cell division or the content part.
Specifications or specific objectives or performance objectives:
In order to ensure the realisation of the objectives, it has to be further analysed into observable and measurable specific behavioural changes.
Eg: The objective understanding can be analysed into observable specific changes like explaining, comparing, defining, differentiating etc
These observable, measurable and easily attainable behavioral changes which are stated at a specific and clear level are known as specifications. Specifications or specific objectives are also stated in the same form as instructional objectives I.e, in terms of pupil behaviours or pupil performance.
Instructional objectives and specific objectives:
1. Instructional objective- Knowledge:
Specifications:
l The learner recalls the meaning of ecology.
l The learner recognises pond ecosystem.
2. Instructional objective- Understanding
Specifications:
l The learner distinguishes biotic and abiotic factors.
l The learner explains the trophic levels of ecosystem.
l The learner gives examples for mutualism in ecosystem.
l The learner lists the different types of interactions among organisms.
l The learner compares comensalism and mutualism.
l The learner detects errors in a faulty krebs cycle.
l The learner rectifies the defects in an experiment of osmosis.
l The learner identifies relationship between micro organisms and macro organisms.
l The learner locates wildlife sanctuaries in India.
3. Instructional objective- Application:
Specifications:
l The learner gives reasons why all food chains start with producers.
l The learner infers that eutrophication is due to access use of fertilizers.
l The learner computes the calorie value of a given quantity of food.
l The learner predicts the consequences of eutrophication.
l The learner solves local environmental problems.
l The learner suggests measures to dispose waste.
4. Instructional objective- Interest:
Specifications:
l The learner reads extra books and journals in science.
l The learner participates in the activities of science club.
l The Learner takes part in scientific debates, discussions and functions.
l The learner collects materials and specimens of concepts.
l The learner preserves and mount specimens.
l The learner contributes articles on topics of scientific interest.
l The learner improvises models and apparatus.
l The learner enjoys conducting experiments.
l The learner enjoys observing nature plans animals and natural phenomena.
5. Instructional objective- Attitude
Specifications:
l The learner respects the science teachers.
l The learner wants to know why and how of events or phenomena.
l The learner records reports and interprets observations honestly.
l The learner develops independent thinking.
l The learner admits mistakes and hesitantly.
l The learner suspends judgement till it is repeatedly confirmed.
l The learner accepts or reject things only on the basis of valid reasons.
l The learner considers new ideas and discoveries.
l The learner shows spirit of teamwork, self help and self Reliance.
l The learner reconsiders ones own judgement.
6. Instructional objective- Appreciation:
Specifications:
l The learner shows thrill and excitement while performing experiments.
l The learner derives pleasure while experiencing in the surprising achievements of science.
l The learner enjoys the beauty involved in the systematic structure of the material and the process of science.
l The learner shows respect and appreciation for great scientist.
7. Instructional objective- Skill
A.Observation
Specifications:
l The learner notices the details in the specimen.
l The learner reads the instruments correctly.
l The learner locates the desired parts exactly.
B. Drawing diagrams:
Specifications:
l The learner draws accurate diagrams neatly.
l The learner draws diagram with a sense of proportion.
l That learner labels diagram neatly and correctly.
C. Experimental and manipulative skills
Specifications:
l The learner handles objects, instruments, specimens and apparatus properly.
l The learner cleans apparatus carefully.
l The learner arranges apparatus systematically.
l The learner puts articles in proper order and place.
l The learner reads the instrument with precision.
l The learner observes and records data accurately.
l The learner dissects the specimens neatly.
l The learner displays the required parts.
l The learner improvises apparatus.
l The learner takes precautions for experiments.
l The learner performs experiments with reasonable speed.
Comments
Post a Comment