Teacher Education

  PUPIL'S WORK BOOK Science Work Book is an adjunct to science textbook. For effective learning, pupils should have opportunities for practicing what they have learn ed . Pupil's work book, in fact   a practice material for pupils, the content of which is arranged in the order of the text book  on which it is based. A work book contains summary of each chapter of the text book, exercises of different kinds, key to exercises and suggestions for practical, assignments and improvisation. Advantages 1. Work book supplements classroom learning . 2. It promotes self learning and self assessment . 3. It provides for working out different types of assignments . 4. It gives practice of classroom learning and thereby reinforces learning . 5. It promotes scientific thinking .

  TEACHER'S HAND BOOK  OR GUIDE BOOK FOR TEACHERS Teacher's Handbook is an excellent reference material for teachers for e ffective  science teaching.  In our state, it is prepared by the SCERT along with text books prepared by them. It contains summaries of chapters in the science text books ,  conceptual development of each topic, list of instructional objectives and specifications, explanation of significant technical terms, learning activities precautions to be taken while attempting demonstration, teaching aids to be used , assignments of various kinds, evaluation tools.  co-curricular activities that can be organised, seminars, projects, etc. to be organised and suggested references or teachers and pupils. In short, teacher's hand book is a resource material for teachers . Advantages 1. It equips the teacher with sufficient theoretical knowledge and practical suggestions of what is to be taught . 2. It provides suitable learning experiences for differ...

  SCIENCE TEXT   BOOK Printed materials being an essential part of science curricula play a vital role in teaching and learning. Text books are the most widely used of all instructional materials.  Now a days text book has become a course of study ,  a set of unit plans and a learning guide as well. A text book is an economical device for teachers and students as it gives direction and saves time and energy.  A text book should  be  really designed for the pupils  rather than the teacher. They can help pupils learn how to learn . Therefore, it is important that text books do not prove to be mere suppliers of Information. The text books should stimulate reflective thinking and cultivate in students, the scientific attitude. Functions of a Science Textbook 1. A good science text book should help to form correct understanding of basic concepts and principles of science . 2. It should inculcate scientific attitude  in the pupils and develop an un...

  T YPES OF TEST ITEMS Written te sts are the most widely used of all evaluation t ools. Hence a science  tea cher should master the skills of constructing test items. Construction o f test calls f or mastery of the subject matter and techniques of constructing each  item. A Constructor should take the following precautions while f raming  items. l  T he items should cover, as far as possible, the whole range of topics prescribed   in the syllabus .  No item or part of the item should be set which is outside the syl l abus. l  More items should be set to test higher objectives.  For this purpose items should   be in the context of new situations. l  Items  should provide clear direction to the students regarding the scope and   length of responses. l  The language of the items should be simple  and within the easy grasp of st u dents.  A   written test is composed of a number of items or questions. Item...